- No functional group
- Primary alcohols
- Diols
- Ethers
- Polyethers, acetals, and ketals
- Cyclic ethers
- Carbohydrates
- Aldehydes
- Acid halides
- Ketones and their hydrates
- Diketones and polycarbonyl
- Hydroxy ketones
- Carboxylic acids
- Esters
- Lactones
- Carboxylic acid anhydrides
- Carbonates
- Hydroxy and Keto acids and esters